The Torah , which is described inthe Talmud, is a sequenceof
0 Tao, Simplex Physics 1 bit 2 superposition qbit 4 spacetime 16 fermions Ilm-al-Raml 256 Cl(8) IFA 65,536 Torah Genes 2^32 ~ 4 x 10^9 Genome Base Pairs 2^64 ~ 16 x 10^18 Brain Electrons Planck 2^128 ~ 256 x 10^36 Brain GraviPhotons Uncertainty 2^256 ~ 65,536 x 10^72 Particles in Universe
Each letter is either one of the 22 Hebrew letters of the Sefirot or one of the 5 Finals (which may or may not correspond to the Greek or Chinese 5 Elements), a total of 27 letters. Stan Tenen is studying relationships between the 22 Hebrew letters and the 5 Finals.
Jeffrey Satinover's book, Cracking the Bible Code (Morrow 1997)discusses the structure of the Torah sequence, and much of whatfollows in this section of my web page is taken from that book.
A mathematical analysis of theQuran was done by Rashad Khalifa.
On one level the 304,805 letters tell a narrative story from Creation to the 10 Commandments, the story of the Five Books of Moses: Genesis (78,064 letters); Exodus (63,529 letters); Leviticus (44,790); Numbers (63,530); and Deuteronomy (54,892). There are at least 4 Hebrew-letter versions of the Torah: Samaritan - mixture of Babylonian-Jewish traditions, preserving the narrative story but not paying particular attention to the exact letter sequence; Ashkenazi - Northern and Eastern Jewish tradition, paying attention to the exact letter sequence; Sephardi - Latin and North African Jewish tradition, paying attention to the exact letter sequence; and Yemenite - Muslim and African Jewish tradition, paying attention to the exact letter sequence. In the entire 304,805 letter Torah sequence, there are only 9 letter variations among the Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Yemenite versions. Between those versions and the Samaritan version, there are about 6,000 letter variations, even though the narrative stories are virtually identical.
If the original Torah of Moses were written as a continuous sequence of letters with no breaks or punctuation or vowels, involving only the 22 Hebrew letters, and if the breaks, punctuation, and vowel placement, involving the 5 Finals, were given to Moses as a key to be passed down to successor priests, then
in addition to the key of breaks, punctuation, and vowel placement that produce the well-known narrative story of the Torah.
Another example of a continuous Hebrew letter-sequence with nobreaks, punctuation, or vowel placement is a set of 64marble and granite tablets of the entire Bookof Ezekiel carved in raised letters on a square grid and incontinuous script, now in Jerusalem.
(For typographical reasons, I use Latin equivalents of Hebrewletters on my web pages.)
Barry Simon has a web article about Equal Letter Sequence Torah Codes. In it, he states that "... ELS - Equal Letter Sequences - are words separated by the same number of spaces. That is, one takes the entire Torah or a specific book, drops spaces between words, and looks for new words in the resulting stream with, for example, every fourth letter rather than successive letters. The spacings considered can be quite large ... ""... You have to realize that the number of ELS is very, very large. The number of letters in the Chumash is 304,805 which means the number of ELS with spacings of 5000 or less, forwards or backwards is about 3 billion! So when you search for an ELS of a relatively short word, you are far from searching a needle in a haystack - rather you are searching for a blade of hay. ... " "... To cut to the chase, [Barry Simon regards] the simple word pair examples as an uncontrolled parlor game that [he] cannot take seriously ... [he finds] the Nations example totally unconvincing. [He also finds] find many reasons to be skeptical about the famous Rabbis example and it is far from compelling. ... " "... there is no well-established tradition for the codes analysis as there is for the established principles of halachic analysis. There are a very few, isolated examples of Torah personalities who used ELS like devices but in specific instances without providing us with any guidance about their general use by us.The gemara warns us that even traditional methods of extracting halachic inference from the text can go awry - unless we have a definite mesorah telling us how to employ them. ..." Barry Simon makes an important point when he states
"... THE USE OF A METHOD WITH NO FIRM GUIDLINES IS OPEN TO MISUSES ..."
I agree with the facts and opinions stated by Barry Simon in that web article. Here are three examples (not discussed in Barry Simon's article) that appear to me to be "... examples of Torah personalities who used ELS like devices but in specific instances ...":
1 - EXAMPLE OF THE SYNODIC LUNAR MONTH:
Rambam (Maimonides), who lived about 1200 AD, commented on the synodic Lunar month of the Jewish calendar as being 29 days, 12 hours, and 793/1080 of the next hour, for a total of 29 + 12/24 + 793/(1080x24) = 29.530594 days. Bachya (13th century AD) used an ELS with spacing 42 that started with the first letter of Genesis - D then went to the 42nd letter following that D - R then went to the 42nd letter following that R - H then went to the 42nd letter following that H - B to produce the sequence DRHB, which he showed to produce the 29.530594 day synodic Lunar month. Bachya did not claim to have discovered the Torah-coding of the Jewish Lunar month, but gave credit to Nechunya (1st century AD). The Torah-code Jewish Lunar month is distinct from the Metonic (5th century BC) period of 6,940/235 = 29.5319 days; the Callipic (4th century BC) period of 4 Metonic cycles, of 27,759/940 = 29.53085 days However, the Torah-code Jewish Lunar month is close to the period of Hipparchus (2nd century BC) of 4 Callipic cycles, of 29.53058 days; and is close to the currently accepted astonomical observation value of 29.530588 days; and is close to the Chinese period of Yang Wei of 29.530598 days used in the Ching Chhu calendar of 237 AD and consistent with the Chinese oracle-bone (13th century BC) period 29.53 days, described by Needham in his book Science and Civilization in China, v.III, Cambridge 1959. Some of the calendric data above are from the Encyclopaedia Britannica. (Thanks to Sam Tarshish for correcting some of my errors on an earlier version of this page.)
There are interesting correspondences between Jewish Kabbala,Torah, and Talmud, and Chinese Buddhism andTaoism. A book that discusses some suchcorrespondences is The Jew in the Lotus, by Rodger Kamenetz,HarperCollins 1995.
2 - EXAMPLE OF THE AGE OF OUR UNIVERSE:
Nechunya (1st century AD) and DeMin Acco (13th century AD) used the 42-letter name at the start of Genesis to calculate that the Age of Our Universe should be 42 x 1,000 Divine Years, and that a Divine Year should be 365 x 1,000 years, so that the Age of Our Universe should be 42 x 1,000 x 365 x 1,000 = 15,330,000,000 years, a figure that is consistent with present-day astronomical observations and calculations.
3 - EXAMPLE OF THE 613 COMMANDMENTS:
in Genesis there is encoded Mishne Torah, the title of the work of Rambam (Maimonides) that codified the 613 Commandments given to Moses, beginning with the first Commandment given in Egypt and ending with the 613th Commandment given 50 days later at Sinai. Between the beginning of Mishe to the beginning of Torah there are 613 letters, one for each commandment. As Stan Tenen has noted, the 613 Commandments are divided into 365 negative Commandments and 248 positive Commandments. The 365 correspond to the central number in the 27x27 Magic Square and the 9x9x9 Magic Cube. The 248 correspond to the 248-dimensional Lie algebra E8, the 8-dimensional E8 lattice, and the (3,5) Torus Knot.
Here are some examples of possibly useful mathematical structures: Symmetry Groups; 3,10 Torus Knot; 27 Elements; GF(4) Quantum Codes.
1 - symmetry groups related to the 22 Hebrew letters plus 5 Finals, a total of 27. A general cubic surface is a del Pezzo surface, and has a configration of 27 lines whose symmetry group is the Weyl group of the Lie algebra E6, and to other octonionic structures such as the E8 lattice, the Leech lattice, and related symmetry groups and codes; and
2 - the (3,10) Torus Knot
studied by Stan Tenen and the Meru Foundation, who produced the image above.
[compare the geometry of a ComptonRadius Vortex]
Stan Tenen notes that the winding pattern of the (3,10) Torus Knot has the pattern of a pseudo-magic square, in which the diagonals and the central row and column add to 15 and the total of all 9 numbers is 45.
[compare the full 3x3 MagicSquare]
Stan Tenen also says: "The 3,5 knot appears to be (one of the) most compact possible ways to arrange for the letters of the first verse of Genesis to pair off. ... For purposes of understanding Kabbalistic texts, it appears that two 3,5 torus knots ... fused into a single 3,10 knot, better fits the descriptions. ... The 3,5 knot makes only 3 hands,
[compare quaternion imaginaries ijk, the 3-sphere, andPoincare Dodecahedral 3-space]
... but the 3,10 knot allows for 6 hands around a still center,
[compare octonion imaginaries ijkand IJK mirroring each otherthrough octonion imaginary E]
and thus it fits the Biblical description of 6 "days" of activity and a "day" of rest. ...... One more thing about the 3,10 knot. The 3,10 knot is defined by a braided column of 99 tetrahedra.
[Each column of 99 tetrahedra represents 3 turns in theknot.
Each of the 3 turns in the knot is represented by a column segmentof 33 tetrahedra. Each segment of 33 tetrahedra has 4x33 = 132 faces,of which 132/2 = 66 are internal and 132/2 =66 are external. The 66external faces form 3 strings of 22 faces each, and each stringcorresponds to the 22 Hebrew letters.
Alternatively, each column of 99 tetrahedra can be represented by9 column segments of 11 tetrahedra, each representing 1/3 of a turnin the knot. Each segment of 11 tetrahdedra has 4x11/2 = 22 externalfaces, corresponding to the 22 Hebrew letters. The 22 external facesof each cylindrical segment can then represent a torus by being atiling element, or tile, in a hexagonal tiling of a 2-dimensionalplane.
Each tile has 6 nearest neighbors. If the 6 nearest neighbors areadded to the central tile, the group of 7 tiles can correspond to the7 octonion imaginaries with ijkIJK asneighbors of the central E.
The group of 7 tiles can itself form a single tile in a hexagonaltiling of the plane, so that a setof 7 imaginary octonions is reflexively similar to a single imaginaryoctonion. You can then consider the group of 7 groups of 7, andso on, in a reflexive-fractal-self-similarway.]
That's 49 from the top, 1 in the center, and 49 to the bottom. These numbers are extremely evocative, because of other discussions in Genesis and in Kabbalah. The 49/50 cycle is the Jubilee cycle - - and it's also overwhelmingly the most common equal interval letter-skip pattern that's been statistically detected in the text. (The 50th point, sphere, or tetrahedron is located at the tip of the thumb, at the center of the "apple" vortex.) There is discussion also of the "5 that become 50", which I have identified as the 5 platonic solids that are made up of exactly 50 sphere-points at their vertices. So if my model hand of 49/50 tetrahedra is understood as the "horn" of a cornucopia, then the 5 platonic solids literally tumble out of it, because they can be reconstructed from the sphere-point-tetrahedra "atoms" that the hand is made from. In other words, the text specifies a 3,5 knot, but it's most productively understood as a kind of electron-positron pair, in the form of the 3,10 knot. ... Also, the Jupiter-Saturn cycle appears to be a 12,40 or perhaps a 12,39 torus knot. This is 4 x the 3,10 knot, in the same sense as the 3,10 knot is twice the 3,5 - so I think it's likely that the ancients considered all of these as related."
3 - 3x3x3 Magic Cube with 27 elements. Stan Tenen shows a correspondence between the 27 Hebrew letters plus Finals and the 8 vertices, 12 edge-centers, 6 face-centers, and 1 body-center of a 3-dimensional cube.
There exists a 3x3x3 Magic Cube
10 24 8 26 1 15 6 17 19 23 7 12 3 14 25 16 21 5 9 11 22 13 27 2 20 4 18
with central 14 and sum 42. If the 27 entries of the 3x3x3 Magic Cube are put on a line, two such lines generate a 27x27 Magic Square with center 365. There exists a 9x9x9 Magic Cube with center 365. Both the 27x27 Magic Square and the 9x9x9 Magic Cube have 3^6 = 729 entries.
Stan Tenen interprets the 27letters of the Magic Cube, which looks like a Rubik cube, as in thefollowing diagram:
With respect to the letters in StanTenen's cube, the Archetypal level begins with Aleph and endswith its completion Tet, which means snake in Hebrew, whichcorresponds to Ouroboros, the primordial snake (or pair of snakes)seizing its tail (or their tails), which was according to BarbaraWalker's Woman's Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects a symbol ofthe great World Serpent that encircled the World and symbolized theentire life of nature. Walker noted that other names for Ouoroborosincluded the Phoenician word Taaut, Thoth,Hermes, and Zeus.The Snake symbolizes the Chinese yearsthat are equivalent (mod 12) to 1941.
Nathaniel Hellerstein has remarked that 27 = 3^3 can be represented as the 27 functions from Z3 to Z3. 27 can also be represented as3^3 = (2 + 1)^3 = 2^3 + 3x2^2 + 3x2 + 1 = = 8 + 12 + 6 + 1 = 27That decomposition may correspond to Hebrew letters by8 + 12 + 6 + 1 5 Final + 3 Elementary 12 Simple 7 Double
Notice that the decomposition of 8 into 5+3 is like the Fibonaccisequence
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 ...........
Hypercubes in N dimensions have 2^N vertices (2^3 = 8 vertices on a cube)whilethe total number of sub-hypercubes inan N-dimensional hypercube is 3^N = (2+1)^N (3^3 = 27 in a cube,being 8 points, 12 lines, 6 squares, and the 1 cube itself.) Here is a way to look at the 27 maps from domain {I,T,F} to range {i,t,f}: i t f------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ITF ITF 3 3-to-1 ITF--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TF I * IF T IT F TF I IF T * IT F * I TF T IF F IT 18 2-to-1 TF I IF T * IT F * I TF T IF F IT I TF * T IF F IT--------------------------------------------------------------------------- * I T F T F I F I T 6 1-to-1 I F T F T I T I F---------------------------------------------------------------------------The starred (*) maps are maps where all the 1-to-1 submapstake I, T, F onto the corresponding i, t, f.How do those 27 correspond to the breakdown 8 + 12 + 6 + 1 5 Final + 3 Elementary 12 Simple 7 Double Perhaps the 7 starred maps (*) are the 6+1= 7 Doubles,that the 5 remaining 1-to-1 maps are the 5 Finals,that the 12 remaining 2-to-1 maps are the 12 Simples, and that the 3 3-to-1 maps are the 3 Elementaries.When you forget order,i.e., don't distinguish among members of the domain set {I,T,F}, the 27 maps collapse to the 10 map equivalence classes described by Nathaniel Hellerstein as:Three 'pure states': iii ttt fffSix 2-to-1 states: iit iif tti ttf ffi fftOne triple state: itfcorresponding to 3 Elementaries and 7 Doubles, and to the 10 Sefirot points.
Jonathan Alexander Daniel asks a question about 3^3 = 27: 27 = 3^3 is the set of maps from domain {I,T,F} to range {i,t,f}. The following ways to expand (from 3 to 4), reduce, modify, or expand (to 5 and 6), the 27 = 3^3 maps from {I,T,F} to {i,t,f}were suggested by e-mail conversations with Nathaniel Hellerstein and Chris Lofting.
If T denotes True and F denotes False and I denotes Indeterminate, then by distinguishing between two different states of Indeterminancy: I = TF and I = FT.
The expansion looks more natural if you denote T by 1 and F by 0,so that TF = 10 and FT = 01, and if you denote the set {TF,FT,T,F} by{TF,FT,TT,FF}, so that you have {00,01,10,11}.
If you expand the domain set {I,T,F} to {TF,FT,T,F}, then you have the 3^4 = 81 ternary tetragrams of the Tai Hsuang Ching. If you expand the range set {i,t,f} to {tf,ft,t,f}, then you have the 4^3 = 64 = 2^6 binary hexagrams of the I Ching. If you expand both the domain set {I,T,F} to {TF,FT,T,F} and the range set {i,t,f} to {tf,ft,t,f},then you have the 4^4 = 16x16 = 256 elements of the Cl(8) Clifford Algebra: 0 Allspaces Cl(0) 1 R Tao, Simplex PhysicsCl(1) 1 1 C Tai JiCl(2) 1 2 1 Q Yin-Yang, I Ching, FaCl(3) 1 3 3 1 O 3 Realms, Tai Hsuan ChingCl(4) 1 4 6 4 1 S 5 ElementsCl(5) 1 5 10 10 5 1 M(4,C)Cl(6) 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 M(8,R), I Ching Cl(7) 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1 M(8,R)+M(8,R), S7 {x} G2Cl(8) 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1 M(16,R), 8 Trigrams, Tarot, Fa, D4-D5-E6-E7 Physics 2^8 = 16x16 = 8x8 + 8x8 + Fa 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 + 8x8 + 8x8 Fa 256+1024+1792+1792+1120+448+112+16+1 = 3^8 Tai Hsuan Chingwhere: {x} = twisted (fibration) product, (x) =tensor product, Cl = CliffordAlgebra, R = Real Numbers, C = ComplexNumbers, Q = Quaternions, O = Octonions,S = Sedenions(which are a NonDistributiveAlgebra), M(n,K) = nxn matrix algebra overthe field K. Compare 0,the Chinese plane of Original God, to Teiohardde Chardin's God of EvolutionaryConvergence, to AhuraMazda, to the God ofAkhenaton, to the Godof Moses,and to the unitary/unifying God of Sufi Islam. The BinomialTriangle can represent MountMeru. Basinsof Attraction interact by Zhen-Shan-Ren.These structures and symmetries are useful in InformationTheory.
Cl(8N) = Cl(8) (x)...(N times)...(x) Cl(8) Many-Worlds Quantum Theory Cellular Automata Wei Qi
On the other hand,
by ignoring Indeterminate states. If you reduce the domain set {I,T,F} to {T,F}, then you have the 3^2 = 9 ternary bigrams of the Tai Hsuang Ching. If you reduce the range set {i,t,f} to {t,f}, then you have the 2^3 = 8 trigrams of the Ching. If you reduce both the domain set {I,T,F} to {T,F} and the range set {i,t,f} to {t,f},then you have the 2^2 = 4 non-central directions of the 5 Elements.
Still further, by ignoring Indeterminate states of the range or domain and expanding the Indeterminate states of the domain or range. If you expand the domain set {I,T,F} to {TF,FT,T,F} and reduce the range set {i,t,f} to {t,f},then you have the 2^4 = 16 Tetragrams of IFA, which contains the Trigrams of the I Ching, and which seems to be equivalent to the 16 sets of 4 lines, either broken or unbroken, and also to the Ilm al-Raml, or the Science of the Sands. that was supposed to have been introduced by Idris, the third prophet of Islam (after Adam and Shith) who lived in Egypt before the time of Noah and the flood. If you reduce the domain set {I,T,F} to {T,F} and expand the range set {i,t,f} to {tf,ft,t,f},then you have the 4^2 = 16 and also get the Tetragrams of IFA, and the Ilm al-Raml.
As to 3^6, we have seen that the 27x27 Magic Square has 3^6 = 729 entries. What about 3^5 = 243? 3^5 = 243 was used by Plato when he used both the 2^N sequence and the 3^N sequence to construct a musical scale covering almost 5 octaves: 1 4/3 3/2 2 8/3 3 4 9/2 16/3 6 8 9 27/2 18 27 Plato recognized that the N=3 numbers were incomplete, so he extended the system to N=8 for 2^N and N=5 for 3^N, to getN0 11 2 3 = 2 + 12 4 9 = 4 + 4+13 8 27 = 8 + 12+6+14 16 81 = 16 + 32+24+8+15 32 243 = 32 + 80+80+40+10+16 647 1288 256Plato used the numbers 256 and 243 toform the ratio 256/243, which, along with 9/8,lets him construct the the first octave as:1 9/8 81/64 4/3 3/2 27/16 243/128 2by using the multiplicative intervals: 9/8 9/8 256/243 9/8 9/8 9/8 256/243Plato recognized that this was still approximate,but said that the Demiurge had to stop at this pointin constructing the World Soul.
Note that he stopped at N=8 for 2^N and N=5 for 3^N, also like theFibonacci sequence
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 ...........
If you take that seriously and extend to 4^N and 5^N, you wouldstop at 3 for 4 (4^3 = 64) and stop at 2 for 5 (5^2 = 25).Of course,you could also stop at 3 because 4 is a composite number, and notprime.
4 - GF(4) Quantum Codes. Quantum Information Theory is based on the Galois field GF(4) = {0,1,w,w^2} where w = (1/2)( - 1 + sqrt(3) i ) and w^2 = (1/2)( - 1 - sqrt(3) i ). {0,1,w,w^2} generates the hexagonal lattice of Eisenstein Integers in the Complex Plane; corresponds to the quaternions {1,i,j,k}; corresponds to the Tai Hsuan Ching; and corresponds to symmetries of the Torah such as the (3,10) Torus Knot and the 3x3x3 Magic Cube.
According to aCantor's Corner web page:
"... Biblical Cantillation ...
... Like other ancient cultures, the Jewish people sought to transmit their sacred texts orally and with the aid of melody. In fact the art of chanting the Torah is over two thousand years old and evolved from a solely oral tradition, to a formalized system of musical notation that we now call trope, taíamim, or musical cantillation.
This Biblical cantillation system is made up of 28 signs [compare the 28 generators of Spin(8) and the 24 toque of IFA Oru] and each sign stands for a specific musical pattern or melodic motif. These signs appear above and below the Hebrew text. The purpose of the cantillation signs is to punctuate, accentuate, and phrase the text and thus to enhance our understanding of the text. For example, in terms of accentuation, how do you know whether to say the English words PRO-ject or pro-JECT ñ the accent elucidates which word would make sense in a given context. The cantillation system also adds melody to text, which helps us remember the text.
These same trope or cantillation symbols are used to chant various Biblical books, but these symbols represent different melodic patterns in these various books. Therefore the cantillation you hear is unique for the Torah chanted on Shabbat and Festivals, for the Torah during the morning High Holy Days, for the Prophets, for The Scroll of Esther, for The Scroll of Lamentations, for The Songs of Songs, for The Scroll of Ruth, and for Job. The word "ta-am" connected to the plural ta-amim means taste or flavor and there is no doubt that these different Biblical books are chanted differently to give different meanings to their texts.
In their wanderings and exile, the Jewish people took their cantillation system wherever they went, but it absorbed some different musical styles based on their geographic location. Various musical interpretations of the which included the Ashkenazic, Sephardic, Moroccan, Syrian, Baghdadian, and Yemenite. ...".
According to anEliezer Segal web page:
"... The Jewish Cantillation of the Bible ...This page presents the traditional cantillation melodies used in the synagogue for the chanting of the scriptural readings from the Pentateuch (Torah, "Five Books of Moses") and the Prophets, a section from which is chanted as a "conclusion" ... "Haftarah" .... of the Torah reading on Sabbaths and festivals.
These signs, which (like the vowels) are not written down in the "official" scrolls used in the synagogue, indicate both the syntactic structure and the musicial rendering of the Biblical verses, and often the accenting of the words as well.
They are divided into three main types:
- Connecting accents, which lead on to the next word;
- Separating accents, which create a pause; and
- "Stand-alone" accents, which do just that.
Some of the accents perform more than one function, and hence have been placed between columns.
The musical rendering used in this stack follows the Eastern European customs, found in most North American synagogues. Other communities, such as the German, Spanish or Yemenite Jews, have different versions (though the signs themselves and their syntactic functions) are universal. In addition, there are special renderings in use for other books of the Bible (e.g., Esther and Lamentations), or for special occasions (e.g., festivals).
Though the same cantillation signs are used (for the most part) for different books of the Bible, and they have the same accent and syntactical roles wherever they appear, they are actually chanted in different ways. This page presents samples of the main tunes used for the reading of the Torah and Prophets. Different tunes exist for other books or for certain festivals. ...
Notes that connect Notes that separate Notes that to the next word from the next word: stand alone (Conjunctive) pauses (Disjunctive) Mahpakh Pashta Zaqef Gadol Munah Zaqef Qaton Geresh(preceding "Zaqef Gadol") Munah Munah Pazer(Preceding (Preceding a Revia') another Munah) Munah Merkha Kefullah Telisha Gedolah Darga Atnahta Telishah Qetanah Merkha Silluq Revia' (Sof Pasuq) Tifha Silluq Shalshelet (Sof Parashah) Yetiv Segol Gershayim Zarqa Qarnei Parah Yerah Ben Yomo Qadma ve'Azla Tevir ...".
Note that the above list has 29 entries, because Silluq, whosesymbol is |, is counted twice.
According to the CD case notes, the CD contains:
"... a non-Jew who studies the details of the seven Noahide laws,which are incumbent on him, deserves the honors due a Kohen Gadol(Sanhedrin 59a). The study of the seven Noahide laws may lead him tostudy most of the precepts of the Torah (Meiri to Sanhedrin 59a; seeResponsa, Rama section 10). ...
... Noahide Laws - the seven commandments given to Noah and hissons, which are binding upon all gentiles. These laws include theobligation to have a body of civil law, and the prohibitions againstidolatry, immorality, bloodshed, blasphemy, stealing and robbing, andeating limbs from a live animal. ...". (From Talmud Bavli / TractateChagigah, The Gemara, The ArtScrollSeries / Schottenstein Edition, Mesorah Publications Ltd. (1999) 13a3)
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